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Nuclear-derived district heating? Helsinki is already looking into this, Source: Depositphotos

Helsinki may build a small nuclear reactor for heating purposes

Helsinki may build a small nuclear reactor for heating purposes

Despite the small scale of an SMR, it won’t be cheap to build, and it could become a reality only in the next decade

Helsinki’s municipal energy utility company Helen has announced plans to build a small nuclear plant for the purposes of providing district heating in the future. The project’s horizon previews having such a plant operational somewhere in the early 2030s.

Technically speaking, the energy company is referring to building a small modular reactor (SMR), a fairly recent invention in the nuclear fission field, which has about a third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear reactors.

As of 2024, only two countries in the world, Russia and China, have operating SMRs, which would make Helsinki (and Finland) a pioneer in Europe if the project gets underway.

What about safety?

Still, building an SMR is not cheap and quick, given that the technology is still largely in the process of development worldwide. The firm estimates that the first phase of the plan will be completed in 2026.

Helen will evaluate different SMR models that can be used to produce only heat, or both electricity and heat. Given that this involves a nuclear reactor near a large population centre, it raises questions about safety.

"I believe that nuclear power plants have been built for so long that we know how to make them completely safe. These new types of facilities are even safer than the old ones," said Olli Sirkka, CEO of Helen, speaking to Helsingin Sanomat.

However, the regulation side of things is not that clear and it seems the company is moving ahead with plans while admitting, and warning, that excessive regulation can make the entire process of setting up an SMR more expensive.

According to Yle news agency, Helsinki’s energy operator isn’t the only municipal company looking into this solution to provide heating. Kuopio Energia, based in Eastern Finland, is also currently researching the viability of building an SMR.

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