Thessaloniki gets ready for its metro launch in November
The underground rapid transit lines have been under construction for almost two decades due to various project delays
Today Portugal celebrates the restoration of its statehood from Spanish domination in 1640
Today, 1 December, Portugal celebrates its national holiday – The Day of the Restoration of Independence. Portugal was ruled by the Spanish Habsburg dynasty between 1580 and 1640 after the two countries formed a dynastic union following the Portuguese Succession Criss and the ensuing war. While the first six decades of Habsburg rule were fairly well accepted by Portuguese society, the ascension of Phillip III (Phillip IV of Spain) proved to be fatal for the Iberian Union.
The new monarch immediately went on to raise taxation for Portuguese merchants, reduced the clout of the Portuguese nobility and dispatched Spaniards to take over important governmental posts in Portugal. Tensions came to a head on 1 December 1640 when the Portuguese people, led by the local aristocracy, revolted against Spanish rule and expelled Vicereine Margaret of Savoy from the country.
The Portuguese crown was taken up by John, 8th Duke of Braganza, who took on the royal name of John IV (João IV) and earned the monicker of John the Restorer for his actions in restoring the independence and the monarchy of Portugal. These actions by the Portuguese nobility and bourgeoisie inevitably led to a war with Spain which would drag on all the way through to 1668.
The war finally ended with the signing of the Treaty of Lisbon, through which the Spanish Habsburg finally recognized the legitimacy of the Braganza royal family and the independence of Portugal.
The underground rapid transit lines have been under construction for almost two decades due to various project delays
Now you can get your wine in Talence by paying directly in Bitcoin
That’s because the state has to spend money on updating the railway infrastructure rather than subsidizing the cost of the popular pass
Rethinking renewable energy sources for the urban landscape
The examples, compiled by Beyond Fossil Fuels, can inform and inspire communities and entrepreneurs that still feel trepidation at the prospect of energy transition
Now you can get your wine in Talence by paying directly in Bitcoin
The 10th European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns (ESCT) sets the stage for stronger cooperation between the EU, national and local level to fast track Europe's transition to climate neutrality.
At least, that’s the promise made by the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo
The underground rapid transit lines have been under construction for almost two decades due to various project delays
At least, that’s the promise made by the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo
Hostal de Pinós is located in the geographical centre of the autonomous region
Despite its church-y name, the district has long been known as the hangout spot for the artsy crowds
Urban dwellers across the EU are having a say in making their surroundings friendlier to people and the environment.
Forests in the EU can help green the European construction industry and bolster a continent-wide push for architectural improvements.
Apply by 10 November and do your part for the transformation of European public spaces
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